The Numbers Game
The question of whether China is presenting a too rosy growth picture came from an interesting corner: the International Energy Agency.
The IEA said Beijing’s official 6.1% on-year growth in first-quarter gross domestic product didn’t tally with a 3.5% drop in China’s oil demand in the quarter and also cited “inordinately weak” electricity demand.
“Admittedly, pinpointing China’s oil demand with accuracy is an exercise fraught with difficulties, given the lack of data and the underlying assumptions analysts must make regarding stocks and refinery output from independent producers,” the IEA said in its latest report on the global oil market (available here, subscription required).
“Still, one would have expected stronger, positive oil demand growth commensurate with the reported economic resilience, unless income elasticities had drastically changed.”
The IEA floated another possibility: Real GDP data aren’t accurate and shouldn’t be taken at face value.
It cited analysis by one research firm: London-based economic consultancy Lombard Street Research, often found on the lower end of estimates of China growth. On China’s first quarter, Lombard Street said growth was “probably slightly negative or nil at best.” That’s a minority view, as many economists think that while growth in the fourth quarter of last year was likely overstated by official GDP figures, that’s less true of the improving first quarter.
And extrapolating from a volume indicator like oil or electricity use to GDP — a value-added measure — is not a straightforward process. Many economists think the disconnect between China’s measures of energy consumption and GDP reflects a sharper slowdown in energy-intensive sectors than in the overall economy.
“This analysis … is of course one set of opinions among many,” the IEA said. “However, its conclusions regarding China’s real 1Q09 GDP growth seem more consistent with oil demand estimates.” The agency said it was sticking with its forecast of a 0.9% decline in 2009 in China’s apparent oil demand.
China’s statisticians have defended the accuracy of their work.
–David Winning
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